Tote Bag # 12 (Canvas tote bag)

 Tote Bag # 12 (Canvas tote bag)

This project is base on canvas material tote bag and handle is leather or mixture of other material.

The purpose for this tote bag was to help carry egg holder box container ( ten egg quantity), as the original recyclable tote bag is very suited for marketing use. 

But thru time the wear and tear on original recyclable tote bag is showing sign of breaking up, so the idea to make a canvas material as tote bag which is more durable.

As the egg crate holder box container was about height 7 cm x width 25 cm and depth 11 cm.

To protect the egg we use this plastic holder box container which can hold 10 egg.

This type of recycle able container carton box is useful to store the egg during marketing.

Hence decide to fabricate a more durable tote bag material such as canvas.

This is to display the size of this recyclable tote bag suited for carry egg holder container.

It internal size match this design egg holder container box.

However this tote bag material is meant to discard when it is worn off.

Have notice sign of wear and tear on handle strap and some part side seam. 

Hence decide to proceed to make new tote bag for carrying egg.

The base layer use a recycle jean material, because it is insufficient width hence need two piece.

Tips:- refer to this url for how to sew canvas materials please check this out. As it give some basic tips when work with canvas material.

https://theseamanmom.com/tips-for-sewing-with-canvas/

( HOW TO SEW WITH CANVAS FABRIC )

Place flat and attached both side layer and sew to main layer.

Tips:- when use this canvas materials as tote bag, have be aware it properties ,texture , thickness can pose challenges for this first time user.

The materials is thick and have to use correct thread, sewing needle size, pressure foot setting and etc.

When handling this canvas it tend to move around when sewing two layers.

The sewing speed need to adjust according to thickness, especially the seam or joint section

When spread out you notice both side are sew in the opposite side.

Tips. when sewing this canvas material try not to pull during sewing. Use slowest speed where possible.

Encounter problem if pull it will stretch and uneven seam will result.

Since these material are thick it not recommend to use pin but try clip or paper clip to hold it in position during sewing.

This is how the tote bag handle are make, cut a leather strap 3 cm by 60 cm.

Fold both edge of 3 cm to centre and punch hole to stitch.

 

Challenges with this design is the width and depth is oversize for this particular egg storage box hence it can move around inside. Not so good idea as egg is fragile even with the plastic holder container.

Secondly the leather strap handle is too stiff and slightly too heavy due to it length, this make it no so user friendlier.

The challenges to attached a leather strap handle on a canvas material.

It pose how to hold the handle in position and required location.

1. The clip can hold the leather strap in position, however it best to mark it intend location and position first. 

From time to time to verify it did not "dis locate or run away" when you are doing stitching.

As you will have notice as you do stitching process you need to flip the work. Tried not to use any glue in this case as the material interface.

One work around is to temporary hold both part together with a few stitch of normal sewing thread. Once the stitches are done it can be remove.

2. Need to have awl to create stitch hole on canvas layer to match the handle pad stitch spacing. No short cut to this process hence it will take time to pre punch hole from handle to canvas layer. So is the stitching hole need to align and match the pre punch hole on leather layer.

Update 4th Oct 2021.

This first version of canvas bag need to re-looks the material use for handle, the current leather is too stiff when compared to the canvas bag.

 It looks like a better way is use softer material or use a D ring to allow the handle to "drop off" when not in use.

= = = = = = = * * * = = = = = =   = = = = = = = * * * = = = = = =

Second design of tote bag is to over challenge on first version.

1. The leather strap handle is too stiff and make it difficult for bag stand up properly. As have tendency drag the bag edge.

2. The internal size is too big hence the egg storage box move around and not recommend for carrying egg tote bag.

Try use this author design for box boxed bottom bag

https://designsbyktgreen.com/basic-boxed-bottom-bag-part-1/

Basic Boxed Bottom Bag – Part 1 June 12, 2018 Kathy Green

Use this web site to learn how to create boxed bottom.

** note do take note there is a typo error in the result of calculation. it is should read 41 inch and not 49 inch as stated. It was the incorrect data for "d" which confusing..thanks to author correction. (Thank you for pointing this out to me. The correct answer is 41″ but I used the wrong variables and the wrong formula. I will fix it now. I do test my patterns but I missed this one.

Kathy)

Design and approx measurement for handle pad.

Cut a leather strap of 3 cm width and 18 cm length. Have a landing space from both end of approx 5 cm.

5 cm flat space, 8 cm curve and folded mid section, 5 cm flat space.

Cut handle pad leather 3 cm by 18 cm.

Use glue to hold the mid section and use clip to hold and let glue to set before punch hole. 

Tips :- it is important to let the glue set and harden so when punch hole it is more align a straight line.

If not you will encounter both side the hole are not align as straight line.

It work best to grip the punch tool and leather surface are align and perpendicular to each other.

If not follow one side of the hole will move away from center line.

Technique to punch hole for small folded part is challenging.

1. First pre-mark punch hole on drawn line. This is one way to check spacing for punch hole and make easier for this situation. It is one way to check and verify the alignment for punch hole are correct.

2. Use finger last finger to stable the leather work surface and help guide punch position. This is one way to overcome small surface from moving when stroke hammer.

3. Another way is use a small wooden block to hold the small surface in place when strike the punch.

To give support and minimize movement on this design handle pad. To add another layer on the pad. This help make it easier to stitch the handle pad to tote bag.

Note the white thread is to temporary hold the handle pad to the canvas layer in correct position. It also help to allow help to do stitching easier, after using awl pointed part to create matching stitch hole to a proper alignment.

Cut an 1 inch width web strap and length about 70 cm and fold each end of about 10 cm.

Wrap the folded end on to the handle pad loop.

Tips :- the folded end are glue and stitch to give it a better support and strength.

Do take note when use punch on web strap there will be whisker rising out, use a lighter to burn and remove it. Be careful to adjust the lighter flame to small to minimize damage to web strap.

Final product of tote bag

It can carry a thermal cooker of 2.5 litre size and approx dimension of base 21 cm and height of 24 cm.

Note, the handle is design it can move around with ease.

Overall view of tote bag and comparison to egg holder container box.

It a bit tight fit for egg holder container box. It can carry maximum quantity of 3 egg holder box.

This is end of the tote bag project. If you have any questions or need more explanation or it is confusing please email. Thanks.

Update 15th August 2022.

This tote bag was given to relative and she modify to suit her needs .She add a small magnet to the top edge of bag.

Attach magnet to both side.

Another view 

                                                  👶  End of document 👴

Leather Care

 Leather care.

In humid weather in Malaysia, it common to encounter fugues on leather surface.

Issue with fungus growth on certain leather surface is observe so far. 

Way to treat and minimize the fugues issue on hand.

Can see patches fungus appear on surface .Looks like coming from the pore of the leather material.

This is common due to local environment which humidity is high all year round.

Overall view of a tote bag handle with growth on it surface.

The tote was hang near window.

This issue keep surface out from time to time and depend on leather material type. Not all leather type have fungus issue. looks moldy and light green.

Side of tote bag with moldy growth on the surface and patchy in location.

Close up view.

Try use dry cloth and rub and dust off. If cannot remove try use wet cloth to slowly rub it off. Or try use sponge with water and rub surface.

At one time try use plastic brush, but this did not wok well.

After cleaning and let dry and apply olive oil on surface. Please check is olive oil is suitable is to try out on a small area which is not noticeable before apply to whole leather surface. As certain leather have properties and characteristic that the surface colour might not be suitable.

Found some web site and video on this issue ( have not try some method as lack some items locally):-

Check this out and share your feedback. 

Tips :- ALWAYS test with any new chemical on small spot or not so noticeable area if you are not certain it will change or impact the leather surface.

https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-remove-mildew-from-leather-2147182.   

How to Clean and Care for Moldy Leather Clothes and Shoes.      Written by Mary Marlowe Leverette     Updated 12/02/20.

= = == = = = = = = = == = = = = = = == = = = = = = 

https://www.thespruce.com/different-types-of-mold-4772562. Types of Mold and How to Remove Them           Written by Mary Marlowe Leverette          Updated 12/01/19

= = == = = = = = = = == = = = = = = == = = = = = = 

https://www.thespruce.com/clean-mold-from-leather-3420052#:~:text=Remove%20surface%20mold%20with%20a,to%20prevent%20mold%20from%20returning.     How to Clean Mold From Leather                 Written by Ashley Kane   Updated 07/24/19

= = == = = = = = = = == = You Tube Video  = = = = = == = = = = = = 

How To Remove Mold and Mildew on Leather             •25 Mar 2011 by  Tandy Leather (3:12 minutes)

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NUr6y3R7Mg

There are thousands of species of mold, do you know how to treat yours properly? This video is a step by step guide on how to save your leather goods, instead of throwing them away. 

= = == = = = = = = = == = = = = = = == = = = = = = 

= = == = = = = = = = == = = = = = = == = = = = = = 

Wishing all a Happy New Year of 2021 (year of the ox) and stay safe at all time. Thanks you all for support.

Update 10th Jan 2021.

So far after rubbing olive oil to the handle of tote bag, and leaving the tote bag at the same location. After several weeks did not see fungus on handle so far.

 Hopefully the olive oil manage to penetrate into the leather pore and minimize fungus growth.

Will still monitor and check the leather surface from time to time.  

Update 12th Feb 2021.

So far have been monitor status on leather, it looks promising result after use cloth and wet slightly and use to rub off the fungus with good result.

Update 26th Feb 2021.

Storage in the same location, it looks effective to minimize fungus on leather surface. Not sure because of dryer weather during month of Feb before Chinese New Year. Will continue monitor status.

Update 22nd March 2021.

Status it is good condition so far. Keep finger cross.

Update 10th Oct 2021

The fungus have return.. try out use water with vinegar to clean. 

                                                  End of document  👴

Inform on Leather and Tips #2

 Inform on Leather and Tips #2

During Pandemic time frame, I have been reading on leather craft blog , or any related topic and surf web site, view training video from You Tube of related leather craft and other related topic of interest.

Just to share some interesting points and useful inform (it depend on each individual background experience and skill). Since I am not an expert on leather craft and still in the learning phase as moving forward.

Notice leather craft is very wide scope and require a wide range of skill set for certain project. 

Some of the video which are from You Tube shows on each project like tote bag or leather belt as example.

 For each type of tote bag design it require different tools, method to use , specific technique required, skill set to create a tote bag project. 

Hence there are a number of way to create a tote bag. Share some of tote bag design from You Tube which have certain interesting way in fabricate tote bag on so many type to suit each user needs.

Update on 1st April 2022

https://www.libertyleathergoods.com/leather-working-tools/

Guide to the Leather Working Tools You Need: Beginner & Pro

Leatherworking is an exciting craft to get into. You might be curious what tools you’ll need for different projects or even styles of leather craft. Let’s take a look into all of the leather working tools.

The leather working tools you’ll need, when starting leather craft as a beginner or even with experience can include awls, bevelers, burnishers, cutters, gouges, glues, groovers, mauls, pricking irons, punches, skivers, stamps, sewing items, and a cutting mat. Specifics will depend on the project.

https://www.libertyleathergoods.com/history-of-leather/

The Incredible History of Leather

Leather is an incredible material that has been used throughout history for clothing and tools. The early processes used to make leather, and craft with it, remain very similar to some of those still used today. The history of leather and leather craft has very close ties to people all around the world.

https://www.libertyleathergoods.com/punching-leather/

Punching Leather: Tools and Tips from a Crafter

Leathercrafters may need various tools during their crafting process. I learned that some punching leather tools are essential and can’t be replaced easily while some others can have substitute tools or methods.

Punching leather is a core skill in leathercraft and is done to produce holes, cut edges, cut patterns, and set hardware. Punch tools come in various shapes and sizes based on need and are often struck with a hammer or mallet on a thick, protected surface. Most projects will use leather punching.

Let’s have a look at the different types of leather punching and which tools to use during the process.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = =  = = = = = = = =

Update on 12th Nov 2020.

Making A Leather Tote Bag / With Top Zip Closure

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlPG4ewqYiY

•24 Aug 2019 Taeyarh Leather  (29:43 minutes)

It is a Tote Bag or Shopper Bag that I have wanted to make since the old days. After thinking about how to make it, I decided to zip it up. I didn't want to see anything or spill anything. So I chose a Zipper Bag instead of a Magnetic Bag.

Size : mm

length :         350

Height : 270

Width : 80

Drop : 530

Leather : Embossed Leather 1.5T , Lining : Herringbone style Fabric

#Taeyarh#TaeyarhLeather#Totebag

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 

++ Note work in progress ++ as I am still learning from other and gather as much inform.. stay tune. 

Thank you.

Update on 11th Nov 2020

1) Sewing Machine Problems: The Most Common Issues. By Jack Creeks (28 Feb 2017)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgHxs6ukadM.

2) Sewing machine maintenance Tension. By Man sewing (6 Jun 2016)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSSHUjOsVUw

3) Tips For Sewing Over Multiple Layers Of Fabric Flawlessy - 

by Christopher Nejman (11 May 2020 )

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMhYkJchJJQ&t=413s

4) Sewing Machine Thread Tension Adjustment - 

by Sherya Fashion (31 Mar 2020)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-n1X1hDAyc

5)Sewing Machine Tension Issues SOLVED. By EverythingEboni

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDClSCtmPgA

Update on 07th Dec 2020

= = = = = = = = = leather belt = = = = = = = =

Making a Simple Leather Belt

 •1 Sept 2013                  by  Ian Atkinson  (52:23 minutes)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpEmkRlv1Uo

Buy my patterns and leather goods here: https://www.etsy.com/shop/LeodisLeather

► For more information see: http://ianatkinson.net/leather/videos... 

This video has been replaced by a newer version which is build along number 9 available from my shop in the link above. The new video includes a 4 hour tutorial video as well as an accompanying PDF pack and includes much more detail and techniques than shown here.

In this video I am making a simple leather belt, there won't be any tooling or other fancy things it's just the basics to get you started! Sometimes people ask about dog collars, remember that's the same thing only shorter and with a D ring riveted onto the back for the lead.

 If you'd like some strap end templates try Black River Laser, they have lots of different ones:

 ► http://www.blackriverlaser.com/

 Here is Nigel's video about sewing in belt keepers (no sense in me showing you the same thing!):

 ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffI76U...

 ●▬▬▬▬▬INDEX▬▬▬▬▬▬●

 00:00 Intro

03:27 Measuring out a Belt

06:28 Determining the Holes

07:43 Strap Cutting

12.58 Marking and Skiving the Buckle End

19:59 Applying Finishes

22:13 Marking the Tongue

24:31 Bevelling

28:52 Burnishing

35:31 Edge Paints

37:38 Buckle Fitting

41:38 Fitting the Keeper

50:40 Punching the Holes

** note at  index 09:24 this tutorial is very interesting as he explain clearly, example on how to use a belt strap cutter tools. He also teach a good technique to cut leather belt using this basic tools.

 **note at  index 08:20 .He also point out before cutting any leather piece is check both side of leather quality to get good belt project.

** note at  index 14:04 this is where he share tips to select the appropriate leather end for buckle side and for the pointed end.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = leather belt = = = = = = = =

Making an English Oak Bark Leather Belt 4K

•22 Jan 2017 by  Ian Atkinson (13:54 minutes)

► Buy my patterns and leather goods here: https://www.etsy.com/shop/LeodisLeather

► For more information see: http://ianatkinson.net/leather/videos... 

Would you like to make this belt yourself? If so please purchase build along number 9 from my shop link above which includes a 4 hour tutorial video as well as an accompanying PDF pack.

In this video I am making a simple and traditional belt from English oak bark leather. The leather comes from Britain's last remaining oak bark tannery which is J&FJ Baker in Colyton, Devon (no affiliation).

If you'd like to make your own belts please have a look at my tutorial video:

►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpEmk...

The video was filmed in 4K using an iPhone 7 as a bit of an experiment!

** note at  index 8:25 it show how to stitch belt with stitching pony and other tools to prevent buckle head bending over.

End of document  👴   👴

Pencil Case project TIPS..

 Pencil Case project TIPS..

After several round of making pencil case project (please refer to past post related to use recycle sealant casing project).

1) One issue with old pencil case project related to use of recycle sealant casing only.  Discovered the plunge ring use glue method did not adhere and work loose over time. Work around is to add three nails embedded to hold it in place. 

2) The end cap or plug for both end have various way to terminate. One way is to use stitching the main body edge with end cap/ plug or use a thicker leather and apply small nail to secure it. 

Insert small nail to hold both ring in position.

Use a small tips soldering iron to make an impression mark.

Next add a small nail and trim to about 4.5 mm length. use a long noise pliers to grip nail.

This is to minimize nail end protrusion after trim it required length.

Use a thickness gage to estimate the length of nail to trim. Estimate it to be about 4.5 mm to 5.0 mm.

Use a cutter to remove excess.

Some tools use to trim small nail (about 8 mm length).

For best result is to apply three nails ans proper spacing.

Use a tweezers to position nail where a small hole is created using a hot soldering iron with sharp fine tips.

Do take care as soldering iron is hot and need to pay close attention not to heat other area of project.

After put nail in place can use a long nose pliers to squeeze.  If the nail is too long it need to file the head and ensure flat.

Some tools use for end cap / plug.

The edge of the top section have pre punch hole or use an awl to punch hole along edge.

The end facing layer sitting along edge need to punch hole at the circumference.

End cap /plug are position properly and marking point to punch hole to ensure proper alignment. Manually use an awl to punch hole.

Do allow sufficient seam allowance from edge for hole.  Hole too close to edge can result in hole breaking off.

Make adjustment to minimize issue related to this step.

It better to make a starting reference point mark to ensure consistent stitching hole alignment

Shown how the needle and thread position when stitching.

In this case have stitch around twice and recommend to start stitching a few hole away from seam joint.

Basic tools to do carving pattern on end cap /plug before punch hole and stitching on project.

Do take note to wet the leather before hand. 

Update 3rd Oct 2020

In this project I assume the process of getting ready the empty sealant casing are available and ready. If you need help on how to start from beginning please read old post. 

This is another pencil case project. It use two different leather material, one is thicker for the bottom section of case. 

As the thicker leather it crave the round shape like fish scale from bottom upward

This way to carve the "fish scale like pattern.

Draw a straight line as a guide, it best to clear the line after is is done. This is prevent the line stay permanent on leather surface.

As some marker ink properties that you have to watch out.

Close up view on how to crave curve line using a circle template.

You can adjust the height base on your design in mind. Play with it to see the effect.

Overall view as the craving progress.

Do note there are punch hole on both side and bottom.

This is done earlier before start this craving.

Some tools to attach another layer on top for it to cover the lower section of pencil case.

Trying new way to have two different leather materials for project .. Skive the thicker layer and glue them.

Tips:- The result is not so encouraging as two thickness of leather pose some challenges when wrap around.

It also make it looks not smooth transition between the edge where they meet

Glue both layer at the edge, use roller to press the joint.

Check project have correct leather length to warp around sealant casing.

Do be aware not all sealant casing are the same diameter.

Temporary to hold the leather in position before start stitching. This way it make easier to focus on stitching both edge.

Note the thread length is about 6 times the project, it include the bottom end cap /plug edge to stitch.

Finish project.

Do take note if use two different leather thickness you might encounter the layer overlapping might take a different shape . Where the two layer meet it might have different effect to the project.

Top section of this project.

Use two different material join them to wrap around the sealant casing.

Punch hole for the edge in preparation for stitching for top section of pencil case.

Both edge are line up and punch hole.

Finish project, notice the craving of Hibiscus flower for the top cover of pencil case..

Update 4th Oct 2020.

Sharing what other expert for Butt Stitch and Box Stitch from You Tube video. These are the url link to share some of the technique for pencil case project. Recommend to read some of the comment/s on each video.. some of the feedback is good and applicable.

1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtS-MtnAxAc

Box stitch and butt stitch, covering a whisky flask : leather craft tutorial

27 Mar 2018  by The Leathercraft Academy

Quest and Answer - 

Q - I have tried box stitch before. And I always run into the same problem my holes do not line up or one side ends up having one too many holes am I doing something wrong?

A1. - Very good point! Yes that's normal. In fact you will always get less stitching holes on one side because the perimeter of the bottom is smaller than the length of the stitching on the body and guess what: it has to be, well, unless you try to compensate the missing stitches on the bottom using a smaller sized pricking iron and do crazy calculation to avoid this issue.

I know it tends to be quite confusing and annoying at first, but no worries, there is a fix and here it is:

To solve this issue you will have to "cheat" by forming a normal stitch on one side (the side with too many holes) and go through the same hole twice on the other side (the side with missing holes) to compensate the missing stitch. The same trick needs to be used each times the issue is met during the course of the stitching.   Hope that helps and that my explanations are not too confusing :)

A2. Notice it happen to pencil case project. Work around in this case . Cut material and position it in place. Use marker pen after lining up both edge. Use one side of edge as a reference point with pre punch hole, mark hole correspondingly to align holes to match. This way there are same number of holes are matching.

2)  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThU5UMX_uGA&t=281s

How To Butt Stitch Tutorial + Fun Project! - Leathercraft Masterclass

7 Mar 2019            by   Leathercraft Masterclass

3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnaLtJS4fVA

Leather Koozie for YETI Tumbler - Baseball Stitching

23 Jan 2019               by Worn Wizard

4) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPuQQq2fzQw

Tutorial : How to do the BOX STITCH, Leather Craft

 14 Dec 2017            by ChloeWorld BN

Please take note at around  3:53 minutes time stamp, how the "corner" part for stitching is done, watch carefully... This is the tricky part to learn from.

5) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3Vux9RY9Vw

Round Leather Box

28 Jan 2013                by Armitage Leather.

Got some idea from this tutorial video, for round leather box.

= = = = = = = = = = * * * * * * = = = = = = = = = = 

Update 22nd Oct 2020, sharing idea and way to cover the end part of pencil case.

Each method have it pro and con to cover the pencil case bottom base and top base.

It is important to punch hole for the bottom before warping and stitch start the bottom section.

All method is to manually trace, position and mark the end cover where the punch is align.

Use two layer leather to cover end, see which method suit your needs and design.

This use the protrusion from the base. 

End cover is flat and same level as the base edge.

Another way to cover the pencil case.

Update on 07th Dec 2020.

Try out using discard jean material as part of pencil case project.

Some challenges on using this material to cover recycle sealant casing.

1. Jean material tend to "pull" along, this pose challenges to wrap jean cloth across surface. It need careful not to have uneven surface to try to join the two edge together.

2. Jean cloth edge trend have fray at the cut edge, hence in this case how to stitch and bring both edge, is use a leather strip stitch close to edge to give support. 

Choose a recycle jean and cut to size to fit the plastic tubing.

Note:- cutting jean materiel need care as cloth material is different when compare to leather.

It is easier to use a sharp scissor to trim jean when try use sharp knife it tend to "run around" due to the thread fabric not in line. 

some tools used in this project, not shown is the scissor, glue tube, needle and thread.

Roller is to attach strip of leather to jean cloth material

Use of sewing machine is to attached a strip of leather about 1 cm width to edge of jean material.

Purpose of the leather strip to support the jean edge and provide a mean to hold the edge together when wrap around.

This how the two leather strip is sew on to the edge of jean material.

Note one side of the strip have a buffer zone of about 1 cm from edge, this is done to allow the seam to overlap when wrap around casing.

Try add pattern on jean material, this some thing new to me to use sewing machine to create pattern on jean cloth.

There some new to learn and try out sewing machine to create pattern.

1. Draw pattern on jean material surface.

2. Use sewing machine to use zip-zap pattern setting and straight pattern.

Both use a lower thread length setting. But encounter initial difficulty to control the jean material as the size is limited and ability to control movement on jean material to the desire pattern.

First step is to sew the outline of pattern. Use what thread colour to make it easier to see and view the overall.

Add a different color thread.

Challenges are follow the outline which not straight line. 

Also the jean cloth is moving constantly to match the pattern line

For the bottom end cap.

1. cut a strip of leather to wrap around the edge of casing. Note to take care to have sufficient gap for tension purpose.

2. punch hole on both side of the strip. The purpose is to stitch the end cap cover and for stitching to jean.

Note the bottom end of casing have a thick layer leather to support the outer round end cap leather.

As mention this leather layer are embedded with three small nail to better support end cap.

Cut the leather layer and use a divider to mark line in preparation for punch hole around end cover piece.

Do take note it is important to mark the edge where the starting point for the circle leather. This will help determine where is the reference point.

Punch hole along the mark line ,same goes for the leather strip to punch hole for both side.

This is one technique to minimize thread to get twisted when doing stitching for long thread.

Some thread have properties to twist and turn when pulling thread during stitching.

Note:- the direction of thread flow is grip the thread one end with two finger and pull thread forward..

This way the thread does not get twisted as you are pulling thread during stitching.

Good luck and be happy. If have any comment or doubt do on project please email.. 

End of document  👴  👶